C'est certain que ces pratiques sont mensongères et trompeuses, surtout quand il n'est pas précisé comme sur le site de riogrande que ce n'est pas à l'échelle.
https://www.riogrande.com/article?name=GuideToGoldFilledMetals
Gold-filled sheet and discs are available in single-clad and double-clad varieties. In single-clad, a gold layer is bonded to one side of brass (or base metal) sheet. In double-clad, the bonded gold is distributed to both sides of the brass (or base metal) sheet. For most double-clad findings, gold-filled sheet stock is punched out or coined;
the findings may need additional gold plating where the underlying base metal is exposed around the edges.https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0293-gold-silver-jewelry
”Gold filled,” “gold overlay,” and “rolled gold plate (RGP)” describe jewelry that has
a layer of at least 10 karat gold mechanically applied to a base metal. These items should be marked with the term or abbreviation and the karat quality of the gold used (for example, 14K gold overlay or 12K RGP).
If the layer of gold is less than 1/20 of the weight of the metal in the entire item, any marking should state the fraction of karat gold (for example, 1/40 14K gold overlay).
https://mjsa.org/publicationsmedia/compliance_guides/stamping_and_marking
Gold filled (GF)/gold overlay (GO)/rolled gold plate (RGP): A layer of at least 10k gold is bonded to all surfaces by mechanical means, and the weight of the gold is a minimum of 1/20 of the total weight of the metal. The karat quality of the gold layer must be identified (e.g., "10k gold filled").
o Gold overlay/rolled gold plate: A layer of mechanically bonded gold that is less than 1/20 of the total weight of the metal but not less than 1/40 of the total weight. These gold-layered items must be described with the fraction, karatage, and type (e.g., "1/40 10k RGP" or "1/40 10k gold overlay").
For gold-filled, gold overlay, and rolled gold plate items (other than watchcases),
the FTC guides offer the following exemptions: "joints, catches, screws, pin stems, pins of scarf pins, hat pins, etc., field pieces and bezels for lockets, posts and separate backs of lapel buttons, bracelet and necklace snap tongues, springs, and metallic parts completely and permanently encased in a nonmetallic covering."